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The Frankish Venture in the Ninth Century:
Germanic Ascendance in Europe

Toward the beginning of the ninth century, the casual observer of history will discern that much that had been true regarding the classical world no longer applied. The former unity of the Mediterranean under the Roman Empire was destroyed; Persians and Turks conquered the rich provinces of Syria and Egypt, while Vandals and other Germans established kingdoms in Africa, Gaul, and Britain. Other states formed among the formerly anarchic wilds of Germany and Varangia. These new lands, less exhausted and richer than those of the old Mediterranean periphery, gradually shifted the economic center of Europe from the old Latin cores of Italy and Spain to the lands surrounding the Rhine.
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